🪅Data Types

• Integer types:

  • char: 1 byte

  • short: 2 bytes

  • int: 4 bytes (can be 2 bytes on some 16-bit systems)

  • long: 4 bytes on 32-bit systems, 8 bytes on 64-bit systems

  • long long: 8 bytes

• Unsigned integer types:

  • unsigned char: 1 byte

  • unsigned short: 2 bytes

  • unsigned int: 4 bytes

  • unsigned long: 4 bytes (32-bit) or 8 bytes (64-bit)

  • unsigned long long: 8 bytes

• Floating-point types:

  • float: 4 bytes

  • double: 8 bytes

  • long double: 12 or 16 bytes (compiler dependent)

• Boolean type:

  • bool: 1 byte

• Void type:

  • void: no size (used to indicate no value)

• Wide character type:

  • wchar_t: 2 or 4 bytes (compiler dependent)

• Character types (C++11 and later):

  • char16_t: 2 bytes

  • char32_t: 4 bytes

• Fixed-width integer types (C++11 and later):

  • int8_t, uint8_t: 1 byte

  • int16_t, uint16_t: 2 bytes

  • int32_t, uint32_t: 4 bytes

  • int64_t, uint64_t: 8 bytes

To get the exact size of a type on your specific system and compiler, you can use the sizeof operator:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    std::cout << "Size of int: " << sizeof(int) << " bytes\n";
    std::cout << "Size of long: " << sizeof(long) << " bytes\n";
    // Add more types as needed
    return 0;
}

Example showcasing overflow, causing wrap:

#include <iostream>
#include <limits>

int main() {
    // Signed integer
    int signed_num = std::numeric_limits<int>::max(); // Maximum value
    signed_num++; // Increment by 1
    std::cout << "Signed num: " << signed_num << std::endl; // Output: negative limit

    // Unsigned integer
    unsigned int unsigned_num = std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max(); // Maximum value
    unsigned_num++; // Increment by 1
    std::cout << "Unsigned num: " << unsigned_num << std::endl; // Output: 0 (wraps around)

    return 0;
}

Run it here.